The States Parties to the present Protocol, Believing that the abolition of the death penalty contributes to the enhancement of human dignity and the progressive development of human rights. Recalling article 3 of the United Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on December 1948, & article 6 of the International…
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200 A (XXI) of 16 December 1966, entry ito force 23 March1976, in accordance with Article 9)
The States Parties to the present Protocol, Considering that in order further to achieve the purposes of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereinafter referred to as the Covenant) and the implementation of its provisions it would be appropriate to enable the Human Rights Committee set up in…
(International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) (Adopted & opened for signature, ratification & Accession by GA resolution 2200 A (XXI) of 16th December 1966, Entry into force 3 January 1976, In accordance with article 27)
Preamble The States Parties to the present Covenant, Considering that in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace…
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
On December 10, 1948, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the full text of which is given below: The General Assembly called upon the member countries to publicize the text of the Declaration and “to cause it to be disseminated,…
The Human Rights Council
The Human Rights Council is an inter-governmental body created by the United Nations General Assembly resolution on 15 March 2006 It has replaced the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights It is responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe and for addressing…
International Human Rights Law
In 1966, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) were adopted by the United Nations, between them making the rights contained in the UDHR binding on all states that have signed this treaty, creating human rights…
What are the various Human Rights Instruments?
The various Human Rights Instruments are: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) The First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (OPTI) The Second Optional Protocol…
History of Human Rights
The concept of human rights did not exist till recently, Societies expected their rulers to govern wisely and for common good but this expectation was based on divine commandments (Fear of God) natural law, tradition, or contingent political arrangements. But the people have no rights against unjust rulers i.e.…
Human Rights Entails Rights and Obligations
Human rights entail both rights and obligations. States assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, protect, and fulfill human rights. The obligation to respect means that states must refrain from interfering with or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights. The obligation to protect requires states to…
What are the Principles of Human Rights
Inalienable Inherent Universal Irrevocable Indivisible First Generation: Individual Civil, Political Second Generation: Collective Third Generation: Development Peace Environment Equality and Non-discriminatory Non- discrimination is a cross-cutting principle in International human rights law. The principle is present in all the major human rights treaties and provides the central theme of…